Perfil epidemiológico das alterações dermatológicas observadas em mulheres em período de puerpério imediato atendidas no Hospital São José, em Criciúma, Santa Catarina / Epidemiological profile of dermatological changes observed in early postpartum women cared for at São José Hospital in Criciúma, Santa Catarina

Introdução: Durante o período gestacional, o corpo feminino passa por profundas alterações hormonais e mecânicas, em que a pele também sofre alterações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a prevalência das principais alterações dermatológicas no período gestacional de gestantes atendidas no Hospital São José, de Criciúma-SC. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 188 gestantes. Foram entrevistadas e examinadas as mulheres em período de puerpério imediato no Hospital São José, de Criciúma, Santa Catarina, no mês de dezembro de 2010. Foram estudadas as seguintes variáveis: idade; peso antes e ao fi nal da gestação; número de gestações; queda de cabelos; alterações ungueais; manchas de pele; aparecimento de estrias ou pápulas pruriginosas. Resultados: Foram identificados 104 casos de estrias (55,31%) e 61 casos de melasma (32,44%). Os locais de maior frequência de estrias foram em abdome 71 (51,45%), seios 35 (25,36%), nádegas 8 (5,8%) e pernas 24 (17,39%). A distribuição do melasma foi mais frequente em região centro-facial 52 (77,61%) e em região malar 7 (10,44%). Conclusões: Pacientes jovens, que tiveram maior ganho ponderal, foram as mais acometidas com estrias. Melasma acometeu pouco mais de um quarto da amostra e ocorreu com maior frequência em gestantes de faixa etária mais baixa (AU)

Introduction: During pregnancy a woman's body undergoes profound hormonal and mechanical changes, where the skin also undergoes changes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of major skin changes during pregnancy among women cared for at Hospital São José, Criciúma, SC. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 188 pregnant women. We interviewed and examined women in the early postpartum period at Hospital São José, Criciúma, SC in December 2010. The following variables were considered: age, weight before and at the end of pregnancy, number of pregnancies, hair loss, nail changes, skin blemishes, appearance of stretch marks or pruritic papules. Results: We identified 104 cases of stretch marks (55.31%) and 61 cases of melasma (32.44%). Stretch marks were most often found in the abdomen (71 cases, 51.45%), breasts (35, 25.36%), buttocks (8, 5.8%) and legs (24, 17.39%). Melasma was more frequent in the center-facial region (52, 77.61%) and malar region (7, 10.44%). Conclusions: Young patients who had greater weight gain were the most affected with stretch marks. Melasma struck just over a quarter of the sample and occurred more frequently in younger women (AU)

Melasma: a clinical and epidemiological review

Melasma is a chronic acquired hypermelanosis of the skin, characterized by irregular brown macules symmetrically distributed on sun-exposed areas of the body, particularly on the face. It is a common cause of demand for dermatological care that affects mainly women (especially during the menacme), and more pigmented phenotypes (Fitzpatrick skin types III-V). Due to its frequent facial involvement, the disease has an impact on the quality of life of patients. Its pathogeny is not yet completely understood, although there are some known triggering factors such as sun exposure, pregnancy, sexual hormones, inflammatory processes of the skin, use of cosmetics, steroids, and photosensitizing drugs. There is also a clear genetic predisposition, since over 40% of patients reported having relatives affected with the disease. In this manuscript, the authors discuss the main clinical and epidemiological aspects of melasma.

Prevalence of lip and perioral Ephelides in beach workers / Prevalência de Éfelides labiais e periorais em trabalhadores de praias

Ephelides are small hyperpigmented macules common in the skin, presenting as areas with increased melanin production. Ephelides are observed in genetically predisposed individuals, particularly fair-skinned people highly susceptible to sunburn. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of lip and perioral ephelides in 362 beach workers in the city of Natal (Rio Grande do Norte) and to investigate potential associations with sociodemographic, occupational and general health. For this purpose clinical tests were performed by calibrated examiners in the epidemiological area around the lips and the area bounded laterally by the nasolabial groove and at the bottom by the chin. A questionnaire was completed and assessed. The possible associations between sociodemographic variables, occupational and general health with the presence of lip and perioral ephelides were evaluated by chi-square test for a significance level of 5%. Approximately one third of the workers were affected by perioral ephelides (33.7%) and around a quarter of them by lip ephelides (24.0%). Gender was the only variable significantly associated with the presence of perioral ephelides (p = 0.002), unlike lip ephelides which proved to be significantly associated with habits (p = 0.036) and alcoholism (0.030). The prevalence of ephelides in lip and perioral region was high in the study population, with gender and certain habits associated with its occurrence. .

Efélides são máculas hiperpigmentadas pequenas, comuns na pele, que constituem uma área com maior aumento da produção de melanina. São observadas em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos, de pele clara, com grande suscetibilidade a queimaduras solares. Esse estudo teve o propósito de verificar a prevalência de efélides labiais e periorais em 362 trabalhadores de praias do município de Natal/RN e investigar potenciais associações com variáveis sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e de saúde geral. Para tanto, foram realizados exames clínicos por examinadores calibrados, na área correspondente aos lábios e na área delimitada lateralmente pelo sulco nasolabial e inferiormente pelo mento, além de preenchimento de questionário validado. As possíveis associações das variáveis sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e de saúde geral com a presença de efélides labiais e periorais foram avaliadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado para um nível de significância de 5%. Aproximadamente um terço dos trabalhadores foi acometido por efélides perioral (33,7%) e um quarto por efélides labial (24,0%). O gênero foi a única variável que se mostrou associada significativamente com a presença de efélides periorais (p=0,002), ao contrário das efélides labiais que mostrou-se associada significativamente com hábito (p=0,036) e etilismo (0,030). Conclui-se que a prevalência de efélides em região perioral e labial foi elevada na população estudada e o gênero e hábitos ...

Resultado del tratamiento con Láser Fraxel Dual 1927 en pacientes con melasma / Laser treatment outcome with Fraxel Dual 1927 laser in patients with melasma

Introducción: Melasma es un trastorno adquirido, caracterizado por la aparición de máculas simétricas de color marrón, principalmente en áreas fotoexpuestas (centrofacial, malar y mandibular). Esta condición tiene potencial efecto sobre la autoestima y calidad de vida de quien lo porta. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del Láser Fraxel Dual 1927 como tratamiento del melasma. Pacientes y método: revisión retrospectiva de fichas clínicas y fotografías de pacientes mujeres con melasma tratadas con 1 dosis de Láser Fraxel Dual 1927 entre los años 2010 y 2011 en el Centro Dermatológico de Clínica Las Condes. Se obtuvieron de las fichas clínicas la edad, género, fototipo de piel y niveles de energía utilizados. Se tomaron fotografías antes y después de la sesión de láser y se aplicó el score de severidad de melasma, previamente validado ( MASI modificado). Resultados: se estudiaron 10 pacientes mujeres, cuyo promedio de edad fue de 37.5 años (DE 5,15).Luego de la sesión con láser, se evidenció una disminución significativa del score MASI de 6.78 (DE 4,84) a 5.09 (DE 4,81) (p= 0.049). Conclusiones: nuestros resultados sugieren que el Laser Fraxel Dual 1927 sería una alternativa efectiva en el tratamiento del melasma. Por lo anterior, es necesario realizar nuevos estudios prospectivos para comprobar estos hallazgos y evaluar efectos adversos.

Background: Melasma is an acquired disorder, characterized by the appearance of symmetric brown patches, mainly on sunlight exposed areas of the face (midfacial, malar and mandibular areas). This condition could eventually impact on patients’ self-esteem and quality of life, encouraging the search for an effective therapy. Objective: To determine the effect of Fraxel Dual 1927 laser as treatment for melasma. Patients and method: Clinical records and pictures of patients with melasma treated with Fraxel Dual 1927 laser between 2010 and 2011 at the Dermatology Department of Clínica Las Condes, were retrospectively reviewed. Data related with age, gender, skin Fitzpatrick´s phototype, treatment energy and level used were registered from clinical records. Photos were taken before and after the laser treatment session and a previously validated severity score (modified MASI Score) was applied. Results: 10 female patients with a mean age 37.5 years old (SD 5.15 years) were studied. After laser therapy, there was evidence of statistically significant reduction of MASI score from 6.78 (SD 4.84) to 5.09 (SD 4.81) (p=0.049). Conclusions: Our results suggest Fraxel Dual 1927 laser as an effective alternative to treat melasma. It would be necessary to carry on new prospectives studies to ratify these findings and assess adverseeffects.

Prevalence of oral lesions in relation to habits: Cross-sectional study in South India.

BACKGROUND: Smoking, drinking and chewing tobacco product, common habits in India have been positively associated with oral lesions. No study has been conducted in this part of Tamilnadu regarding the prevalence of oral lesions in relation to habits. METHODS: A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out at Ragas Dental College, Chennai. Already existing data of two thousand and seventeen consecutive patients from sub-urban areas of Chennai, who attended the outpatient department, at Ragas Dental College, for dental complaints during a period of three months in 2004, who underwent oral examination and interviewer based questionnaire was used. RESULTS: Oral soft tissue lesions were found in 4.1% of the study subjects. The prevalence of leukoplakia, OSF and oral lichen planus was 0.59%, 0.55%, and 0.15% respectively. The prevalence of smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages and chewing was 15.02%, 8.78% and 6.99% respectively. Smoking and chewing were significant predictors of leukoplakia in this population. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of leukoplakia, OSF and oral lichen planus in our study population is similar to those found in other populations. The prevalence of consumption of alcoholic beverages in our study population was higher when compared to the Indian National Sample Survey study. However the prevalence of smoking and chewing was found to be lower. Smokers were more likely to develop smoker's melanosis compared to other lesions. Among those who consumed alcoholic beverages alone, the prevalence of leukoplakia was higher compared to other lesions. OSF was the most prevalent lesion among those who chewed panmasala or gutkha or betel quid with or without tobacco.

Parenchymal Neurocutaneous Melanosis in Association with Intraventricular Dermoid and Dandy-Walker Variant: A Case Report

Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare congenital disease that is characterized by the presence of large or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi and melanotic lesions of the central nervous system. We report here on the CT and MR imaging findings of an unusual case of NCM that was associated with intraventricular dermoid and Dandy-Walker malformation.

Dimorfismo sexual en la pigmentación de la piel, color de ojos y pelo y presencia de pecas en adolescentes chilenos en dos estratos socioeconómicos / Sexual dimorphism in skin, eye and hair color and the presence of freckles in Chilean teenagers from two socioeconomic strata

BACKGROUND: The risk of skin cancer is correlated with skin colour. Pigmentation protects against the effects of UV radiation. AIM: To study skin, eyes and hair colour in Chilean teenagers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The constitutive skin, hair and eyes colour and the presence of freckles was studied in 716 teenagers (416 females) of a low socio economical level and in 307 teenagers (155 females) of a high socio economical level. RESULTS: The proportion of foreign surnames was higher in the high stratum and we only found aboriginal surnames in the low stratum. The females of the lower stratum presented lighter skin than males. This difference was not observed in the higher stratum. We did not find significant differences in the eye colour between sexes, however, adolescents from the high stratum presented lighter eye colour. Females had lighter hair colour than males in both strata, also, we found lighter hair colour in the high stratum. We did not find significant differences in the presence of freckles between strata, but, the proportion of females with freckles was higher than that of males in both strata. CONCLUSIONS: Our results may identify different groups of people, within the Chilean population, with different susceptibility to the effects of ultraviolet radiation.